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2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak
The 2008 United States salmonellosis outbreak began in the spring of 2008 when hundreds of people throughout the United States fell ill after consuming contaminated food. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration currently believes that the contaminated food products responsible are fresh jalapeño and serrano peppers from Mexico, and perhaps raw tomatoes. Fresh cilantro is also under investigation. The FDA and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention narrowed their investigation to certain farms in Mexico that they believed were responsible for the contaminated produce.
==Salmonellosis==
From April 10 to July 31, 2008, the rare Saintpaul serotype of ''Salmonella enterica'' caused at least 1329 cases of salmonellosis food poisoning in 43 states throughout the United States and in the District of Columbia. It was the largest reported salmonellosis outbreak in the United States since 1985. New Mexico and Texas were proportionally the hardest hit, with 56.9 and 21.3 reported cases per million, respectively.〔 The outbreak was concentrated on both sides of the northern part of the Arizona-New Mexico border.〕〔(Texas Department of State Health Services, News Updates )〕 The greatest number of reported cases occurred in Texas (508 reported cases), New Mexico (112), Illinois (116), and Arizona (57). Other significantly impacted states included Maryland, Oklahoma, Kansas, Arkansas, and Nevada which had been collectively affected by 118 reported cases.〔 For some states, such as Arizona and California, the CDC revised the tally of confirmed illnesses downward.〕 All of the above-mentioned states suffered more than five reported cases per million.〔 Seventeen other states, aside from the eight mentioned above, were each been affected by 10 or more reported cases.〕 Additionally, five cases were reported in residents of Canada, four of whom appeared to have been infected after traveling to the United States.
There were at least 257 reported hospitalizations linked to the outbreak, leading to at least one death, and the outbreak may have been a contributing factor in at least one additional death.〔(August 12, 2008: Investigation of Outbreak of Infections Caused by Salmonella Saintpaul | Salmonella CDC )〕 The CDC maintains that "it is likely many more illnesses have occurred than those reported." If applying a previous CDC estimated ratio of non-reported salmonellosis cases to reported cases (38.6:1), one would arrive at an estimated 52,826 illnesses from this outbreak, and 173 estimated cases per million throughout the United States.〔 The CDC has cautioned that in a widely publicized outbreak, the multiplier for estimated illnesses may be smaller; they stated that an outbreak's publicity may prompt more sick people to go to their physicians and give stool samples for ''Salmonella'' testing. The CDC also estimates that there are around double the number of ''Salmonella'' hospitalizations than the number reported. In this case, that would be an estimated 514 hospitalizations from the current outbreak.〕
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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